In addition to the House of Representatives, which body is part of the U.S. Congress?

The correct answer is the Senate. The United States Congress is a bicameral legislature, meaning it consists of two separate chambers: the House of Representatives and the Senate. This structure is established by the U.S. Constitution and provides a system of checks and balances within the legislative branch.

The House of Representatives is comprised of representatives who are elected based on the population of each state, while the Senate has two senators from each state, regardless of size or population. This equal representation in the Senate was designed to balance the interests of smaller states against those of larger states.

The other options listed do not form part of Congress. The Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority in the U.S. and plays a role in interpreting laws, but it is not part of the legislative branch. The House Judiciary is a committee within the House of Representatives focused on legal issues, thus not a chamber of Congress itself. The Executive Branch, which includes the President and federal agencies, operates separately from Congress and is responsible for enforcing laws rather than creating them. Hence, the Senate is the only body alongside the House of Representatives that constitutes the U.S. Congress.