What territory did the U.S. acquire from France in 1803?

The U.S. acquired the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803 through a significant land deal known as the Louisiana Purchase. This acquisition effectively doubled the size of the United States at the time, providing vast amounts of land that would eventually be settled and developed. The Louisiana Territory encompassed a large area west of the Mississippi River, which is now parts of 15 current U.S. states, allowing for westward expansion.

The other territories listed are historically important, but they were not acquired from France in that period. The New Mexico Territory was claimed as part of the settlement of the Mexican-American War in 1848, the Florida Territory was acquired from Spain in 1819, and the Oregon Territory was divided with Britain in the Oregon Treaty of 1846. Thus, the Louisiana Territory stands out as the correct answer in relation to the acquisition from France in 1803.